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Usage of Veno-Venous (V-V) and Veno-Arterial (V-A) Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly common in ICU setups. This carries a risk of numerous complications, and among them, hemorrhagic events result in high mortality. These events occur due to anticoagulants used for preventing thromboembolic events and clotting inside the equipment used in ECMO.

Biological processes utilization for industrial and other applications, notably gene modification of microbes for the synthesis of hormones and antibiotics is Biotechnology.

The clinical trial used two methods to do a coronary artery bypass grafting and studied the long-term clinical outcomes. The two methods in use were the skeletonized internal thoracic arteries and the pedicled internal thoracic arteries (ITAs). The study involved 2161 patients and the results indicate patients with skeletonized ITAs had higher rates of cardiovascular complications compared to patients that did the pedicled ITAs. Otherwise, the two procedures had an almost similar result.

Healthcare workers have been under tremendous stress since the beginning of the pandemic.

Americans spend a significant amount of money on healthcare each year. There is an increase in insurance premiums, high deductibles, and other out-of-pocket expenses. There has been an inflationary effect across the board in the medical industry.

The study investigated the relationship between levosimendan treatment and acute kidney injury (AKI) among cardiac surgery patients. It analyzed the experiences of 854 LEVO-CTS patients who were undergoing the treatment. AKI is associated with high treatment cost, mortality, and morbidity, which may occur after cardiac surgery. Therefore patients who have undergone cardiac surgery are likely to experience AKI. Jawitz et al. (2021) reported that AKI associated with cardiac surgery has a prevalence of 40%.

TransMedics Group has secured approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its OCS Heart System that is developed for use with organs collected from donors after brain death (DBD).

The OCS Heart System is designed to preserve DBD donor hearts deemed unsuitable for procurement and transplantation at initial assessment due to limitations of prolonged cold static cardioplegic preservation.

Valvular heart diseases (VHD) that cause stenosis and regurgitation in heart valves, such as congenital, rheumatic, and degenerative heart illnesses, require constant clinical monitoring. Aortic or pulmonary valve anomalies are responsible for 33% of congenital heart disorders. Although patients with VHD have received transcatheter therapies and minimally invasive operations, the bulk of valve replacement surgeries still use open-heart techniques.

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the Portico with FlexNav (Abbott) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) system for patients with "symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis who are at high or extreme risk for open-heart surgery," the company announced recently.

The risk of bleeding varies with the type of anticoagulant agent used. The incidence of bleeding while on warfarin has been estimated at 15-20% per year, with life-threatening bleeding occurring.
At a rate of 1-3% per year. Providers should remember that all patients with emergent or life-threatening bleeding require attention to basic interventions, including cessation of anticoagulation therapy, blood product transfusions, and assessment for airway protection.