A narrative review of advanced ventilator modes in the pediatric intensive care unit
Children are often hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) due to respiratory failure. The vast majority of children, who require mechanical ventilation, can be supported with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), but refractory hypoxemia or hypercapnia may necessitate more advanced modes of ventilation, such as high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV), high-frequency jet…
Read
Thrombogenicity Indices and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients
Despite recent breakthroughs in procedural and pharmacologic methods, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death and is linked with substantial morbidity. In patients with AMI, the focus has been on prompt reperfusion of the epicardial coronary artery throughout the last few decades. Reduced myocardial perfusion has been linked to severe…
Read
Effect of Del Nido cardioplegia on ventricular arrhythmias after cardiovascular surgery
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) relies on cardiac cardioplegia to maintain the beating heart and provide surgeons with a reversible bloodless surgical field of vision. Del Nido cardioplegia (DNC) is a type of cold blood cardioplegia with a greater potassium level. Professor Pedro Del Nido at the University of Pittsburgh first created it for usage in children’s…
Read
Peripheral neuropathy after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in children
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has made significant progress in recent years and is now a viable treatment option for adults and children suffering from cardiorespiratory failure. After ECMO, neurologic problems are common, with the frequency and types of neurologic issues changing by patient demographic. Neurological problems have been documented in 7.1 percent of ECMO-treated adults,…
Read
Anticoagulation with Argatroban in a Patient with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a risky immune-mediated condition that causes extensive thrombosis in people exposed to unfractionated heparin after undergoing heart surgery. The level of reduction of platelet count is a crucial risk element in the increase of thrombosis. Hemorrhage is not prevalent in such patients, and any noticeable thrombocytopenia is caused by eliminating antibody-coated platelets….
Read
Preventive HIPEC in combination with perioperative FLOT VS FLOT
The most vital reason behind the failure of curative surgery for gastric cancer resection is spread to the intra-abdominal area. In more than 90% of the patients going through tumor progression, the most commonly observed events are local recurrence, liver metastases, peritoneal seeding, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. For peritoneal metastases, the role of systemic…
Read
Evolving Surgical Techniques and Improving Outcomes for Aortic Arch Surgery in Canada
This study aimed to look at how patient characteristics, surgical procedures, and in-hospital outcomes for aortic arch surgery in Canada changed between 2008 and 2018. Over time, the outcomes have improved. Moderate hypothermia and antegrade cerebral perfusion are frequently used. To improve stroke rates and outcomes in the emergency room, more research is needed. Aortic…
Read
Intraoperative cell salvage for musculoskeletal sarcoma surgery
Complex and wide excision surgeries like musculoskeletal sarcoma are linked to significant intraoperative blood loss with an average blood loss of around 4500 ml. Many of these surgeries require allogenic blood transfusion with a subsequent increase in both mortality and morbidity rates. Among approaches to reduce intraoperative blood loss is intraoperative cell salvage (ICS). ICS…
Read
Impact of pulse pressure on clinical outcome in Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Patients
The researchers realized that more than half a million people in America suffer cardiac arrest each year. In Europe, more that quarter a million people suffer out of hospital cardiac arrest annually.Rilinger and his colleagues proposed that refractory cardiac arrest and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be referred to as extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) and…
Read
Association of Circulating Ketone Bodies with Functional Outcomes After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Research suggests that increase ketone metabolism affect the response of myocardial ischemia. In the study, De Koning and his colleagues suspected that patients with high levels of ketone bodies were mostly affected by heart failures. In their study, De Koning and his colleagues investigated the effect of increased ketone bodies on heart failures. The role…
Read
Vasoplegic syndrome following cardiothoracic surgery— A Review of pathophysiology and update of treatment options
Vasoplegic syndrome occurs in up to 50% of all patients receiving cardiac surgery. This condition is a type of vasodilatory shock that proceeds cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Vasoplegic syndrome involves normal or increased cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) leading to organ hypoperfusion. It has a similar mechanism and presentation as sepsis, usually requiring…
Read
Anti‑Xa activity and Hemorrhagic Events Under Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Usage of Veno-Venous (V-V) and Veno-Arterial (V-A) Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly common in ICU setups. This carries a risk of numerous complications, and among them, hemorrhagic events result in high mortality. These events occur due to anticoagulants used for preventing thromboembolic events and clotting inside the equipment used in ECMO. To monitor the…
Read