Use of Intraoperative Blood Autotransfusion in Obstetrics
During pregnancy, maternal hemorrhage is a significant risk. It could cause maternal morbidity and mortality. Intraoperative cell salvage is becoming more common in obstetric surgery worldwide for women who are at risk of peripartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery. It includes a collection of the patient’s blood from the surgical field, cleansing away the contaminants, and…
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Cardioplegia from Depolarized to Polarized Cardiac Arrest in Adult Cardiac Surgery
For a long time, wounds of the heart have been untreatable and fatal. The first cardiac wound was healed in the USA by St. Louis in 1891. In 1923, the first surgery (closed-heart surgery) was performed by Levine and Cutler in Boston, which also helped treat mitral stenosis via commissurotomy. After 35 years, open-heart surgery…
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Perioperative Right Ventricular Function & Dysfunction In Adult Cardiac Surgery
The single most significant factor for improving RV (right ventricular) failure is recognizing and anticipating it. Therefore, therapies and medications for RV failure should focus on enhancing coronary RV perfusion, optimizing pre-load, and lowering PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance).In the management of RV failure, the first step is to augment RV pre-load to the pressure of…
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Advantages and Disadvantages in Anticoagulation and Coating Methods Used in Extracorporeal Life Support Devices
In the previous few decades, the usage of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) technologies has skyrocketed. Despite medical and scientific breakthroughs, the intricate interplay between the human body, blood, and artificial materials remains a major problem in the ECLS sector. Blood exposure to artificial surfaces does cause an imbalanced activation of the coagulation cascade, which can…
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Regional citrate anticoagulation during CRRT in critically ill patients with COVID-19
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has increased in patients requiring intensive care around the world. Many critically ill patients with severe respiratory distress syndrome caused by SARS-CoV2 infection develop acute kidney injury (AKI) and require renal replacement therapy (RRT), putting RRT delivery capacity in disease outbreak at risk. Furthermore, despite the administration of systemic anticoagulation, the…
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The preoperative nutritional status and postoperative mortality after cardiac surgery
Several different well-developed stratification systems can help estimate the outcomes after the surgeries. According to the clinical experiences, other factors can also influence the post-op outcome, other than the stratification of physiological risk. Most of these factors are psychological, functional, and social. Since the research work of the last two decades, scientists have been successful…
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A narrative review of advanced ventilator modes in the pediatric intensive care unit
Children are often hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) due to respiratory failure. The vast majority of children, who require mechanical ventilation, can be supported with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), but refractory hypoxemia or hypercapnia may necessitate more advanced modes of ventilation, such as high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV), high-frequency jet…
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Thrombogenicity Indices and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients
Despite recent breakthroughs in procedural and pharmacologic methods, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death and is linked with substantial morbidity. In patients with AMI, the focus has been on prompt reperfusion of the epicardial coronary artery throughout the last few decades. Reduced myocardial perfusion has been linked to severe…
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Effect of Del Nido cardioplegia on ventricular arrhythmias after cardiovascular surgery
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) relies on cardiac cardioplegia to maintain the beating heart and provide surgeons with a reversible bloodless surgical field of vision. Del Nido cardioplegia (DNC) is a type of cold blood cardioplegia with a greater potassium level. Professor Pedro Del Nido at the University of Pittsburgh first created it for usage in children’s…
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Peripheral neuropathy after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in children
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has made significant progress in recent years and is now a viable treatment option for adults and children suffering from cardiorespiratory failure. After ECMO, neurologic problems are common, with the frequency and types of neurologic issues changing by patient demographic. Neurological problems have been documented in 7.1 percent of ECMO-treated adults,…
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Anticoagulation with Argatroban in a Patient with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a risky immune-mediated condition that causes extensive thrombosis in people exposed to unfractionated heparin after undergoing heart surgery. The level of reduction of platelet count is a crucial risk element in the increase of thrombosis. Hemorrhage is not prevalent in such patients, and any noticeable thrombocytopenia is caused by eliminating antibody-coated platelets….
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Preventive HIPEC in combination with perioperative FLOT VS FLOT
The most vital reason behind the failure of curative surgery for gastric cancer resection is spread to the intra-abdominal area. In more than 90% of the patients going through tumor progression, the most commonly observed events are local recurrence, liver metastases, peritoneal seeding, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. For peritoneal metastases, the role of systemic…
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